Water conflicts plague every river in the West, with the thorniest dilemmas found in the many basins with Indian reservations and reserved water rights—rights usually senior to all others in over-appropriated rivers. Negotiations and litigation over tribal water rights shape the future of both Indian and non-Indian communities throughout the region, and intense competition for limited water supplies has increased pressure to address tribal water claims. This book offers practical guidance on how to negotiate them, providing a comprehensive synthesis of western water issues, tribal water disputes, and alternative approaches to dispute resolution. It reviews history, current status, and case law related to western water, reveals strategies for addressing water conflicts among tribes, cities, farms, environmentalists, and public agencies, and presents a detailed analysis of how settlements evolve. Includes contributed essays by experts, interviews with key individuals, and a range of contextual materials from FOIA requests to irrigation hydrology.