Wetzel’s Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems, Fourth Edition, presents a fully updated revision of the classic textbook Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems (last published in 2001). Coverage has been thoroughly updated with recent research and theoretical developments. Each chapter is written by an expert or team of experts, providing a comprehensive and global perspective; the editors worked closely with authors to maintain continuity across chapters. Suitable as an undergraduate/graduate textbook and as a reference for limnologists and other scientists.