This Special Issue addresses challenges and mitigation options for sustainable food production in the face of rising population, climate change, and decreasing per-capita land and water resources. Topics include irrigation with brackish water, virtual water trade, allocation of water resources, effects of excess precipitation on yields, strategies to increase water productivity, rainwater harvesting, irrigation water management, deficit irrigation, fertilization, environmental and socio-economic impacts, and irrigation water quality across regions including the U.S., Asia, Middle East, Africa, and Pakistan.